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(PDF) Contemporary Hakka Language Maintenance in Multilingual Penang, Malaysia
Source: researchgate.net
Article summary:
1. Malaysia is a multilingual country with 134 languages widely spoken, and Mandarin Chinese has become the mother tongue in recent years.
2. Hakka is one of the Chinese heritage languages in Malaysia that is facing many challenges in terms of language maintenance.
3. This study examines language practices, ideology, and community-based initiatives to maintain Hakka in Penang and provides new insights into the process and prospects for language maintenance.
Article analysis:
This article provides an overview of the contemporary Hakka language maintenance in multilingual Penang, Malaysia. The article is written by Teresa Wai See Ong from Griffith University, Australia, and it was published on ResearchGate.net.
The article presents a comprehensive review of the literature related to language maintenance and language shift, as well as an analysis of data collected through formal interviews with six participants representing the Hakka community in Penang. The article also discusses the role of language planning and policy (LPP) in language maintenance programs at different societal levels, from government to community and family domains.
The article appears to be reliable and trustworthy overall. It provides a detailed review of relevant literature on language maintenance and shift, as well as an analysis of data collected from interviews with members of the Hakka community in Penang. The author also acknowledges potential biases associated with LPP programs at different levels, such as official governmental legislations versus unofficial community or family policies.
However, there are some potential issues that should be noted when considering this article's trustworthiness and reliability. For example, it does not provide any evidence for its claims about the influence of mass media or Chinese-medium primary schools on parents' decisions to shift from speaking Chinese heritage languages to Mandarin Chinese at home. Additionally, while it acknowledges potential biases associated with LPP programs at different levels, it does not explore any counterarguments or present both sides equally when discussing these issues. Finally, there is no mention of possible risks associated with language maintenance programs or initiatives aimed at preserving heritage languages such as Hakka in Penang.