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Article summary:
1. The conventional medical paradigm of autism has been the accepted orthodoxy in this field, conceptualising autism in terms of biologically derived functional deficits.
2. There have been calls from the autistic community and researchers to rethink the way in which autism science is framed and conducted, proposing neurodiversity as an alternative paradigm.
3. The neurodiversity paradigm could potentially help researchers respond to the medical model’s limitations by focusing on strengths rather than deficits, emphasizing context over individual traits, and broadening perspectives.
Article analysis:
The article “Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science” provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research into autism and how it is framed within the conventional medical paradigm. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the challenges posed by this approach, including an overfocus on deficits, an emphasis on individual traits rather than broader contexts, and a narrowness of perspective that limits what can be known about autism and how it can be known. They then outline how elements of the neurodiversity paradigm could potentially help address these issues by focusing on strengths rather than deficits, emphasizing context over individual traits, and broadening perspectives.
The article is well-written and provides a thorough overview of both paradigms with clear examples to illustrate its points. It also draws attention to potential harms caused by deficit-focused approaches such as Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA). However, there are some areas where more detail or further exploration would be beneficial. For example, while the authors discuss potential harms caused by ABA interventions they do not provide any evidence for their claims or explore counterarguments that may exist for its use. Additionally, while they mention potential conflicts of interest in research they do not provide any details or evidence for their claims either.
In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive overview of both paradigms with clear examples to illustrate its points but could benefit from further exploration into potential harms caused by ABA interventions as well as potential conflicts of interest in research into autism science.