1. This study proposes the use of agricultural waste-rice husk ash (RHA) to substitute fly ash in high strength, high ductility engineered cementitious composites (ECC).
2. The experimental results showed that the substitution of fly ash by RHA increased compressive strength and improved tensile properties of ECC mixtures.
3. At micro-scale, incorporating RHA into ECC reduced the theoretical complementary energy (Jb′) as a result of enhanced fiber/matrix interface, meanwhile, lowered crack tip toughness (Jtip) in ECC matrix which mainly due to the evidently increased modulus of ECC; subsequently lead to the increment of pseudo strain-hardening PSH (=Jb′/Jtip) index, and thus ductility.
This article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides detailed information on the research conducted on eco-friendly high strength, high ductility engineered cementitious composites (ECC). The article is well written and provides clear explanations for each step taken in the research process. It also includes relevant references to support its claims. However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, the article does not provide any information on possible risks associated with using rice husk ash as a substitute for fly ash in ECC mixtures. Additionally, it does not explore any counterarguments or present both sides equally when discussing the benefits of using RHA in ECC mixtures. Furthermore, there is no mention of any potential environmental impacts associated with this type of research or its implications for sustainability. Therefore, while this article is generally reliable and trustworthy, it could benefit from further exploration into these areas to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of its implications.