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Article summary:
1. This paper investigates the supercritical gravity-driven free-surface flow of a granular avalanche around a circular cylinder.
2. Experiments and numerical simulations show that a sharp bow shock wave and a stagnation point are generated in front of the cylinder, with the shock standoff distance accurately reproduced by simulations.
3. As the grains move around the cylinder, a grain-free region or granular vacuum forms on the lee side, which closes up rapidly to form a triangular region on moderate slopes but moves far downstream on steeper slopes.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it is published in an established journal (Journal of Fluid Mechanics) and provides evidence for its claims through experiments and numerical simulations. The authors also provide references to relevant research papers to support their findings. However, there are some potential biases in the article that should be noted. For example, the authors focus mainly on how obstacles can affect granular flows, without considering other factors such as terrain features or weather conditions that could also influence these flows. Additionally, while they discuss possible risks associated with these flows, they do not explore counterarguments or present both sides of the argument equally. Finally, some of their conclusions may be overly optimistic; for example, they suggest that understanding how granular materials flow around obstacles can improve dam design without providing any evidence to support this claim.