1. Roughness and wettability of biofilm carriers are important for proper microbial attachment and biofilm formation.
2. An effective biomass immobilization requires rough surfaces with edges, peaks, and valleys that are substantially less or more hydrophobic/hydrophilic than the suspended biomass.
3. Inadequate roughness and wettability can significantly destabilize the overall biofilm system performance and deteriorate biofilm attachment.
The article is generally reliable in its discussion of the importance of roughness and wettability of biofilm carriers for proper microbial attachment and biofilm formation. The article provides a comprehensive overview of past developments in this area, as well as a critical review of literature reports on how wettability affects bacterial adhesion. The article also presents an analysis of how these properties affect biofilm formation and stability, as well as recommendations for further research in this area.
However, there are some potential biases in the article that should be noted. For example, the article does not explore any counterarguments to its claims or present both sides equally; instead it focuses solely on supporting its own argument without considering other perspectives or evidence that may contradict it. Additionally, there is no mention of possible risks associated with using certain types of carrier surfaces or wettability levels, which could be important to consider when making decisions about which type of surface to use for a particular application. Finally, there is some promotional content in the article that could be seen as biased towards certain products or technologies related to this field.