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Article summary:
1. Halofuginone attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting TGF-β activity and H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone.
2. Halofuginone reduced collagen X, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS 5) expression, while increasing lubricin, collagen II and aggrecan expression.
3. Halofuginone suppressed Th17-induced osteoclastic bone resorption, inhibited Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signalling to restore coupled bone remodelling and attenuated excessive angiogenesis in subchondral bone.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides a detailed description of the research conducted on halofuginone's effects on osteoarthritis progression. The authors provide evidence for their claims through immunostaining, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot analyses as well as micro CT (μCT) and CT-based microangiography to detect alterations of microarchitecture and vasculature in tibial subchondral bone. The article does not appear to be one sided or biased as it presents both sides of the argument equally. Furthermore, the authors have provided evidence for their claims which makes them more reliable than unsupported claims. Additionally, the article does not appear to contain any promotional content or partiality towards any particular point of view. The authors have also noted possible risks associated with halofuginone treatment such as potential side effects from long term use which adds to its trustworthiness. In conclusion, this article is generally reliable and trustworthy due to its detailed description of the research conducted as well as its lack of bias or promotional content.