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Article summary:
1. Heckman models are increasingly used by strategic management scholars to address sample selection bias, but there are inconsistencies in their application and interpretation.
2. The independent variable of interest needs to be a significant predictor in the first stage of the model for sample selection bias to exist, and the significance of lambda alone does not indicate sample selection bias.
3. Heckman models can account for sample-induced endogeneity but may not be effective when other sources of endogeneity are present. Accurately identifying the type(s) of omitted variable bias present is essential to effectively correcting it.
Article analysis:
该文章对于使用Heckman模型解决样本选择偏差的策略学者的应用存在显著不一致性，但未提及这些不一致性可能导致的潜在偏见。此外，该文章没有探讨Heckman模型可能存在的局限性和风险，例如当其他内生性来源存在时，该模型可能无效。文章也没有平等地呈现双方观点，而是更加关注如何正确使用Heckman模型。因此，该文章可能存在片面报道和缺失考虑点的问题。同时，该文章提出了一些改进实践的建议，但这些建议缺乏充分证据支持，并且未探索反驳意见。因此，在评估这些建议时需要谨慎，并注意到它们可能存在的偏袒和宣传内容。
Topics for further research:
Limitations of Heckman model
Potential biases from inconsistent application of Heckman model
Risks of invalidity when other endogeneity sources exist
Biased reporting and missing considerations in the article
Lack of sufficient evidence and exploration of opposing views in the proposed improvements
Caution and awareness of potential biases and promotional content in evaluating the suggestions