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Article summary:
1. The Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) is a global oceanographic event that marks the mass extinction of trilobites at the base of the Pterocephaliid Biomere in Laurentia and other coeval extinction horizons in Gondwana and periGondwana terranes.
2. The peak of SPICE (+5‰) coincided with a time of maximum regression in Laurentia, suggesting that it was caused by a transformation of ocean circulation between two states, leading to enhanced coastal upwelling and benthic extinctions.
3. Carbon isotope ratios were analyzed from sections in Laurentia, Kazakhstan, China, and Australia to document the SPICE excursion.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides evidence for its claims through data collected from multiple locations around the world. The authors provide detailed descriptions of their sampling sites and methods used to analyze carbon isotope ratios, which adds credibility to their findings. Furthermore, they cite previous research on similar events such as the Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T), Frasnian–Famennian (Joachimski and Buggisch), and end-Ordovician (Brenchley et al.) extinction events which further strengthens their argument.
However, there are some potential biases present in the article that should be noted. For example, while the authors provide evidence for their claims regarding ocean circulation changes leading to enhanced coastal upwelling and benthic extinctions, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative explanations for these phenomena. Additionally, they do not discuss any possible risks associated with these changes or how they may have impacted other species or ecosystems. Finally, while they cite previous research on similar events, they do not provide an equal amount of detail or analysis for each one which could lead to partiality or one-sided reporting.