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Article summary:
1. High concentrations of ClNO2 at sunrise can persist until sunset, leading to enhanced oxidation of VOCs.
2. Daytime HONO accounts for over 90% of OH formation in the winter urban atmosphere.
3. Sustained sources of Cl and OH throughout the day increase the production of O3 and secondary pollutants.
Article analysis:
The article “Enhanced wintertime oxidation of VOCs via sustained radical sources in the urban atmosphere” is a well-researched and comprehensive piece that provides an in-depth look into how chlorine chemistry can have a significant impact on oxidative processes in the urban boundary layer during winter when photolytic processes are slow. The article presents a set of observations made at urban locations in central England in December 2014 and February 2016, which show that ClNO2 often persists through the daylight hours at mixing ratios above 10–20 ppt (on average). In addition, relatively high mixing ratios of daytime HONO (>65 ppt) provide a strong source of OH radicals throughout the day. The combined effects of ClNO2 and HONO result in sustained sources of Cl and OH radicals from sunrise to sunset, which form additional ozone, PAN, oxygenated VOCs, and secondary organic aerosol.
The article is reliable as it is based on data collected from field studies conducted at urban locations in central England. The authors also provide evidence for their claims by citing previous research studies that support their findings. Furthermore, they discuss potential sources for HONO such as direct emissions from vehicles or microbial activity in soil as well as heterogeneous reactions on humid surfaces during both night and day time.
However, there are some points that could be further explored such as possible risks associated with increased levels of ozone or secondary pollutants due to enhanced oxidation processes or potential health impacts due to increased exposure to these pollutants. Additionally, while the authors discuss potential sources for HONO they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative explanations for their findings which could be further explored.