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Article summary:
1. This review article explores the general factors affecting fluorophore excitation and emission spectra, molar absorption, Stokes shift, and quantum efficiency.
2. It provides guidelines for chemists to create novel probes by discussing structure-property relationships concerning the substituents with examples for several dye families.
3. It also presents a survey of functional probes based on PeT, FRET, and environmental or photo-sensitivity.
Article analysis:
The article is a comprehensive review of small molecule fluorescent probes for biological applications. The authors provide an overview of the history of fluorescent small molecules and discuss general factors that affect their properties such as excitation and emission spectra, molar absorption, Stokes shift, and quantum efficiency. They also provide guidelines for chemists to create novel probes by discussing structure–property relationships concerning the substituents with examples for several dye families. Additionally, they present a survey of functional probes based on PeT, FRET, and environmental or photo-sensitivity focusing on representative recent work in each category.
The article is well written and provides a thorough overview of the topic at hand. The authors have done an excellent job in providing detailed information about the various aspects related to small molecule fluorescent probes for biological applications. Furthermore, they have provided clear explanations of how these properties can be manipulated to create novel probes with desired characteristics. The article does not appear to contain any biases or unsupported claims as it is based on scientific evidence from previous studies in this field. Additionally, all possible risks associated with using these probes are noted throughout the article which makes it reliable and trustworthy source of information on this topic.