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Article summary:

1. This study examines the direct effects of technological turbulence and legal system completeness on contract-based knowledge protection and the moderating effects of these factors on the relationship between contract-based knowledge protection and cooperation performance.

2. Technological turbulence weakens the positive relationship between contract-based knowledge protection and cooperation performance, while legal system completeness strengthens the relationship.

3. The findings enrich existing knowledge on how technological and legal environments shape firms’ decisions on knowledge protection in cooperation and moderate its effect on performance outcomes.

Article analysis:

The article is generally trustworthy and reliable, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the research topic, presents a clear conceptual model, uses survey data from 227 manufacturing firms in China to test the model, and draws meaningful conclusions from the results. However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. First, since all data was collected from Chinese manufacturing firms, it may not be applicable to other countries or industries. Second, although the authors mention that technological turbulence can weaken the positive relationship between contract-based knowledge protection and cooperation performance, they do not provide any evidence for this claim or explore any counterarguments. Third, there is no discussion of possible risks associated with implementing contract-based knowledge protection in inter-firm cooperation. Finally, although the authors present both sides of their argument equally throughout most of the article, they do not provide an equal amount of evidence for each side; instead they focus more heavily on providing evidence for their own argument than exploring counterarguments or alternative perspectives.