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Article summary:

1. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant healthcare issue, often resulting from bacterial build-up.

2. Nano or micro patterning of surfaces is the most feasible solution to inhibit bacterial colonisation due to changes in cellular responses.

3. Various techniques have been used for development of these patterned surfaces, such as photolithography, micro moulding and focused ion beam (FIB) machining.

Article analysis:

The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides an overview of the current technologies being used to control bacterial activity, as well as the potential benefits of using nano or micro patterning of surfaces to inhibit bacterial colonisation. The article also provides a comparison between various micro–nano fabrication techniques such as scratching, milling, electro-discharge machining (EDM) and pulsed laser processing in terms of their process capabilities and maturity level.

However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, the article does not explore any counterarguments or present both sides equally when discussing the use of coatings, bacteria-repellent surfaces, antimicrobial films and antibiotics to control bacterial activity. Additionally, there is no mention of possible risks associated with using these technologies or any discussion about their environmental impact. Furthermore, while the article does provide a comparison between various micro–nano fabrication techniques in terms of their process capabilities and maturity level, it does not provide any evidence for its claims or discuss any unexplored counterarguments.

In conclusion, while this article is generally reliable and trustworthy in providing an overview of current technologies being used to control bacterial activity and exploring the potential benefits of using nano or micro patterning of surfaces to inhibit bacterial colonisation, there are some potential biases that should be noted when assessing its trustworthiness and reliability.