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Article summary:
1. TIR domains are signal-transducing components of immune receptors in both animals and plants that recognize molecular elements of invading pathogens.
2. The Thoeris system of B. cereus MSX-D12 is a prokaryotic immune system that defends bacteria against phage infection, and comprises two core proteins, one of which (named ThsB) has a TIR domain.
3. Experiments revealed an enzymatic activity of the non-TIR protein ThsA, suggesting that Thoeris defence involves NAD+ hydrolysis that may lead to cell death upon infection.
Article analysis:
The article “Antiviral Activity of Bacterial TIR Domains via Immune Signalling Molecules” provides an overview of the role of TIR domains in both animal and plant immune systems, as well as their involvement in the prokaryotic immune system called Thoeris. The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, providing evidence for its claims through experiments conducted on Bacillus subtilis cells expressing the Thoeris system from Bacillus cereus MSX-D12. The experiments showed that Thoeris proteins protect against phage SPO1 infection by triggering cell death through NAD+ hydrolysis, leading to abortive infection before maturation of phage progeny.
The article does not appear to be biased or partial in any way, presenting both sides equally and exploring counterarguments where necessary. It also does not contain any promotional content or unsupported claims; all claims are backed up with evidence from experiments conducted on Bacillus subtilis cells expressing the Thoeris system from Bacillus cereus MSX-D12. Furthermore, possible risks associated with the use of this system are noted throughout the article, such as premature culture collapse when phages are added at a high multiplicity of infection (MOI).
The only potential issue with this article is that it does not explore other possible mechanisms through which Thoeris could be involved in cell death upon infection by phage SPO1 beyond NAD+ hydrolysis. However, given that this was not the focus of the study, this omission can be forgiven.