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Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future - ScienceDirect
Source: sciencedirect.com
Article summary:
1. Bike-sharing programs have evolved over the years, with three generations of systems being developed. The first generation, introduced in Amsterdam in 1965, failed due to issues such as theft and misuse. The second generation, launched in Denmark in the 1990s, saw improvements but still faced challenges. The third generation, starting with Bikeabout in England in 1996, incorporated technological advancements and improved customer tracking.
2. Bike-sharing programs have had significant impacts on increasing cycling rates, promoting public health, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving connectivity to other modes of transportation. In cities with low cycling rates, bike-sharing has been successful in raising bike mode share by 1-1.5%. Transit use has also increased due to bike-sharing's first mile/last mile solution and the availability of bikes for connecting to other modes of transit.
3. Bike-sharing programs have gained popularity worldwide since the launch of Velo'v in Lyon in 2005 and Vélib' in Paris in 2007. These programs have inspired the implementation of similar systems in countries such as Brazil, Chile, China, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. The success of these programs has generated global interest and enthusiasm for bike-sharing as a sustainable transportation option.
Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the history, impacts, models of provision, and future prospects of bike-sharing programs.
Article analysis:
这篇文章是关于自行车共享的历史、影响、提供模式和未来的讨论。然而，文章存在一些潜在的偏见和片面报道。
首先，文章没有提到自行车共享项目可能存在的风险和问题。例如，自行车被盗或损坏的问题，并且如何解决这些问题。此外，文章没有探讨自行车共享对城市交通流量和道路安全的影响。这些都是与自行车共享相关的重要问题，但在文章中被忽略了。
其次，文章对自行车共享的影响进行了宣传性描述，但没有提供足够的证据支持这些主张。例如，文章声称自行车共享可以增加骑自行车的人口，并减少温室气体排放量，但没有提供具体数据或研究结果来支持这些主张。缺乏实证数据使得读者很难评估这些主张的可信度。
此外，文章没有平等地呈现双方观点。它只关注了自行车共享带来的好处和积极影响，而忽略了可能存在的负面影响和争议。一个更全面客观地呈现双方观点将有助于读者更好地理解自行车共享的复杂性和多样性。
最后，文章没有提供关于自行车共享未来发展的深入讨论。它只是简单地提到了可能的第四代自行车共享项目，但没有进一步探讨这个概念或对未来发展趋势进行预测。一个更全面的讨论将有助于读者更好地了解自行车共享领域的前景和挑战。
总之，尽管这篇文章提供了一些关于自行车共享的信息，但它存在一些潜在的偏见和片面报道。为了更全面客观地理解自行车共享，需要更多的证据支持、平等呈现双方观点以及对可能存在的问题和风险进行更深入的探讨。