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Article summary:
1. The addition of Fe(OH)3 to an Anammox system decreased the ratio of nitrite consumption to ammonia consumption (ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N) to 0.80, significantly lower than a control system without the addition of Fe(OH)3.
2. The reduction of Fe(OH)3 served as an extracellular electron acceptor to anaerobically oxidize NH4+, forming the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle and allowing for continuous Feammox in the Anammox system.
3. Outer membrane cytochrome c of Fe(OH)3-added Anammox sludge could participate in extracellular electron transfer during Feammox, and metagenomic analysis confirmed that genes encoding redox enzymes of cytochrome c were enriched with adding Fe(OH)3.
Article analysis:
This article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides evidence for its claims through isotopic analysis, Raman analysis, and metagenomic analysis. It also presents both sides equally by providing a control system without the addition of Fe(OH)3 for comparison purposes. However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, the article does not explore any possible risks associated with adding Fe(OH)3 to an Anammox system or discuss any potential negative impacts on the environment or human health that may result from this process. Additionally, while the article does provide evidence for its claims, it does not provide any counterarguments or alternative explanations for its findings which could have been explored further. Furthermore, while the article does present both sides equally in terms of providing a control system without the addition of Fe(OH)3 for comparison purposes, it does not explore any other alternatives that could potentially lead to more efficient NH4+ removal such as using different types of electron acceptors or different methods of extracellular electron transfer. In conclusion, this article is generally reliable and trustworthy but there are some potential biases that should be noted when considering its findings and implications.