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Article summary:
1. The article discusses the physical processes that lead to atmospheric hot extremes at a global scale.
2. It uses a new diagnostic based on kinematic air-parcel trajectories to quantify the contributions of horizontal temperature advection, adiabatic warming and diabatic heating to near-surface temperature anomalies during the hottest day of each year in 1979–2020 (TX1day events).
3. The analysis reveals geographically strongly varying contributions of the three processes, with diabatic T′ dominating in regions of maximum T′, advective T′ dominating in storm-track regions and adiabatic T′ dominating near major mountain ranges and over subtropical oceans.
Article analysis:
The article provides an interesting insight into the physical processes leading to atmospheric hot extremes at a global scale. The authors use a new diagnostic based on kinematic air-parcel trajectories to quantify the contributions of horizontal temperature advection, adiabatic warming and diabatic heating to near-surface temperature anomalies during TX1day events. The analysis reveals geographically strongly varying contributions of the three processes, with diabatic T′ dominating in regions of maximum T′, advective T′ dominating in storm-track regions and adiabatic T′ dominating near major mountain ranges and over subtropical oceans.
The article is generally well written and provides an interesting perspective on this topic. However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. Firstly, the authors focus mainly on one particular case study – the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave – which may not be representative of all hot extremes globally. Secondly, while they provide evidence for their claims regarding the relative importance of each process for TX1day events globally, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative explanations for their findings. Finally, while they acknowledge that seasonality can also contribute to temperature anomalies during hot extremes, they do not provide any further details about this contribution or how it might vary across different locations or timescales.
In conclusion, while this article provides an interesting insight into the physical processes leading to atmospheric hot extremes at a global scale, it should be read with caution due to its potential biases and lack of exploration of counterarguments or alternative explanations for its findings.