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Article summary:
1. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the cumulative damage of a water-filled container impacted by two spherical projectiles with varying velocities.
2. The failure modes of the plates were analyzed after the experiments and LS-DYNA code was used to simulate the fluid–structure interaction problem.
3. The experimentally verified finite element models were further used to investigate several critical factors in cumulative damage.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides an extensive overview of the research conducted on hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) phenomenon, including both experimental and numerical studies. The authors have provided detailed information about their experimental setup and results, as well as their numerical simulations using LS-DYNA code. Furthermore, they have compared the residual velocity of the projectile, pressure within the water, and plate deformation profile obtained from both the experiment and simulation to verify their simulation model.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted in this article. For example, while the authors have discussed previous studies on HRAM phenomenon conducted by various groups such as Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Naval Weapons Center (NWC), they do not provide any counterarguments or alternative perspectives from other researchers who may have different views on this topic. Additionally, while they discuss possible risks associated with HRAM phenomenon, they do not provide any evidence for these claims or explore any potential counterarguments that could challenge these assertions. Finally, while they discuss various factors that can influence cumulative damage due to HRAM phenomenon, they do not provide any evidence for these claims or explore any unexplored counterarguments that could challenge these assertions.
In conclusion, this article is generally reliable and trustworthy but there are some potential biases that should be noted when evaluating its trustworthiness and reliability.