1. This paper presents a novel approach to register 3-D CT or MR images to one or more 2-D X-ray images.
2. The registration is based solely on the information present in 2-D and 3-D images, and does not require fiducial markers, intraoperative X-ray image segmentation, or timely construction of digitally reconstructed radiographs.
3. The accuracy of the registration was assessed by target registration error, with root mean square errors below 0.5 mm for CT to X-ray registration and below 1.4 mm for MR to X-ray registration.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides a detailed description of the proposed method for 3-D/2-D registration of CT and MR to X-ray images, along with thorough validation results that demonstrate its accuracy and reliability. The authors provide evidence for their claims in the form of validation results from experiments conducted on a cadaveric lumbar spine phantom, which show that the method is successful in more than 91% (82% except for Ll) of trials if started from the "gold standard" translated or rotated for less than 6 mm or 17/spl deg/ (3 mm or 8.6/spl deg/), respectively, with root mean square target registration errors below 0.5 mm for CT to X-ray registration and below 1.4 mm for MR to X-ray registration.
The article does not appear to be biased towards any particular point of view as it objectively presents the proposed method without making any unsupported claims or promoting any particular product or service. Furthermore, all potential risks associated with using this method are noted in the article, such as possible inaccuracies due to outliers produced by surgical instruments during intraoperative data acquisition. Additionally, all relevant points of consideration are discussed in detail throughout the article, including potential sources of bias and how they can be addressed through careful selection of preoperative data points used in the registration process.
In conclusion, this article appears to be reliable and trustworthy as it provides an objective overview of a novel approach for 3-D/2-D registration of CT and MR to X-ray images along with thorough validation results that demonstrate its accuracy and reliability without making any unsupported claims or promoting any particular product or service.