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Article summary:
1. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed the Working Memory Model (WMM), which consists of four subsystems: the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, central executive, and episodic buffer.
2. Evidence for each subsystem is discussed in the article, including experiments that suggest the phonological loop serves to acquire new words but not remember familiar ones.
3. The article evaluates the overall model and presents practical applications, though some evidence suggests that WMM may be underspecified and further specification is needed.
Article analysis:
The article provides a critical evaluation of Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) and Baddeley’s (2000) Working Memory Model (WMM). It presents evidence for each subsystem of WMM, such as experiments suggesting that the phonological loop serves to acquire new words but not remember familiar ones. The article also evaluates the overall model and presents practical applications.
The article appears to be reliable in its presentation of evidence for each subsystem of WMM. However, there are some potential biases present in the article that should be noted. For example, some evidence suggests that WMM may be underspecified and further specification is needed; however, this point is not explored in depth in the article. Additionally, while dual-task experiments are used to provide evidence for VSS as an individual subsystem, it is unclear whether these experiments are consistently used or if they produce incongruent results. Furthermore, while mutations of FOXP2 are associated with speech and language disorders, it remains unclear whether this gene exclusively explains PL as an individual subsystem or if other factors are involved as well.
In conclusion, while this article provides a critical evaluation of Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) and Baddeley’s (2000) Working Memory Model (WMM), there are some potential biases present that should be noted when considering its trustworthiness and reliability.