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Article summary:
1. Atmospheric nitrate concentrations, oxygen-17 excess of nitrate (Δ17O(NO3−)), and nitrogen-15 isotope composition (δ15N(NO3−)) were measured in Shanghai China from January to June 2016.
2. The conversion of NOX to nitrate is dominated by NO2 + OH and/or NO2 + H2O pathways, with the mean possible contribution of 55–77% in total and even higher (84–92%) in summer.
3. A diurnal variation of Δ17O(NO3−) was observed, related to the atmospheric life of nitrate (τ) estimated to be around 15 hours during the diurnal sampling period.
Article analysis:
The article provides a comprehensive overview of the observation of isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate in Shanghai China from January to June 2016, as well as its implication for reactive nitrogen chemistry. The authors present their findings in a clear and concise manner, providing detailed information on the concentrations, oxygen-17 excess, and nitrogen-15 isotope composition of atmospheric nitrate. They also provide an analysis of the relative importance of different formation pathways for nitrate formation, as well as a discussion on the diurnal variation of Δ17O(NO3−).
The article appears to be reliable overall; however, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, while the authors discuss various sources for NOX emissions (e.g., anthropogenic combustion sources and natural processes such as lightning), they do not provide any evidence or data to support their claims about these sources. Additionally, while they discuss potential pathways for nitrate formation (e.g., NO2 + OH and/or NO2 + H2O), they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative explanations for these pathways. Furthermore, while they discuss potential risks associated with PM2.5 pollution in China, they do not provide any evidence or data to support their claims about these risks.
In conclusion, while this article provides a comprehensive overview of the observation of isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate in Shanghai China from January to June 2016 and its implications for reactive nitrogen chemistry, there are some potential biases that should be noted when assessing its trustworthiness and reliability.