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Article summary:
1. El Niño events have changed their behavior since the 1980s, with extreme El Niño events occurring more frequently and Central Pacific (CP) El Niños becoming more common.
2. Multiple studies suggest that greenhouse warming and natural variability play a role in the change in El Niño properties.
3. This study examines long-term instrumental SST datasets and finds another period around 1900 with similar extreme El Niño and CP El Niño occurrences, suggesting a role of internal variability.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides evidence for its claims from multiple sources such as climate models, palaeo-El Niño proxies, preindustrial model simulations, and long-term instrumental SST datasets. The article also acknowledges the potential roles of both anthropogenic forcing and internal variability in the changes in El Niño properties in recent decades. However, there are some points of consideration that are missing from the article. For example, while the article mentions that Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) could modulate El Niño amplitude and type, it does not explore other possible factors that could be influencing these changes such as ocean circulation patterns or solar activity. Additionally, while the article discusses how greenhouse warming could increase extreme El Niño events, it does not discuss any potential risks associated with this phenomenon or how it could affect different regions differently. Furthermore, while the article mentions that natural variability plays a role in the change in El Niño properties, it does not provide any evidence to support this claim or explore any counterarguments to this idea. Finally, while the article quantifies the contribution of anthropogenic forcing and internal variability to recently observed El Niño diversity based on a statistical model, it does not provide any evidence for this claim or discuss any potential biases associated with this model.