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Article summary:

1. Macrophages have traditionally been known for their phagocytic capabilities and immune defence, but are now being recognized for their role in healing due to their ability to polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes.

2. Biomaterials can be designed with tailored mechanical, chemical and temporal characteristics that interact with the host to dictate a favorable macrophage response following implantation.

3. A better understanding of biomaterial cues that selectively polarize macrophages may lead to the design of ‘immuno-informed’ biomaterials that positively interact with the immune system.

Article analysis:

The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides an overview of the current research on biomaterial based modulation of macrophage polarization. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic, citing relevant studies and providing evidence for their claims. The article also presents potential design principles for both replacement and regenerative biomaterials, which could be useful for researchers in this field.

However, there are some potential biases in the article that should be noted. For example, the authors focus mainly on how biomaterials can be used to modulate macrophage polarization in a positive way; they do not discuss any potential risks or negative effects associated with this approach. Additionally, while they cite several studies throughout the article, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative perspectives that may exist in the literature. Finally, there is no discussion of how these design principles might vary depending on different contexts or applications; instead, they present them as universal guidelines without considering any potential differences between different scenarios or settings.