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Article summary:
1. This article conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of synaptic protein and mRNA measures in postmortem studies of schizophrenia.
2. The results showed a significant reduction in synaptophysin in the hippocampus, frontal, and cingulate cortices, but no significant changes for synaptophysin in occipital and temporal cortices, and no changes for SNAP-25, PSD-95, VAMP, and syntaxin in frontal cortex.
3. The findings suggest that synaptic loss is not uniform in nature or extent across different brain regions or proteins.
Article analysis:
The article is generally trustworthy and reliable as it provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature on synaptic protein and mRNA measures in postmortem studies of schizophrenia. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed database to identify relevant studies from inception date to July 2017. They also performed meta-analyses when there were at least 5 independent data sets available for each specific brain region. Furthermore, they provided detailed methodological details regarding their data extraction process as well as statistical analysis methods used.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. Firstly, the majority of studies included in the meta-analyses matched cases and controls for age at death except for one study [48], which could potentially introduce bias into the results. Secondly, 19 out of 36 studies (52.8%) reported that the experimenter was blind to diagnosis while conducting their analyses; this means that there is potential for bias due to lack of blinding in other studies included in the meta-analyses. Thirdly, there were insufficient data for meta-analysis of mRNA data in any brain region; this means that conclusions drawn from these results should be interpreted with caution as they may not be representative of all available evidence on this topic. Finally, it should also be noted that some potential risks associated with synaptic loss were not discussed or explored by the authors; thus further research is needed to assess these risks more thoroughly before drawing any definitive conclusions about synaptic loss in schizophrenia from this article's findings.