1. Hypervelocity gouging has been observed in engineering applications involving rocket sleds, electromagnetic railguns, and light-gas guns.
2. Numerical simulations using explicit finite element method were carried out to investigate the gouging mechanism in railguns.
3. Two models were constructed and discussed: one is the non-uniform contact model under magnetic pressure, and the other is the transverse swing impact model.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides a detailed overview of the research conducted on vibration and hypervelocity gouging of sliding pairs in electromagnetic railguns. The article is well-structured with clear explanations of the two models used for investigation, as well as their results. Furthermore, it includes references to other relevant studies which adds to its credibility.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. Firstly, the article does not provide any counterarguments or alternative perspectives on the topic which could lead to a one-sided reporting of the findings. Additionally, there are no mentions of possible risks associated with this type of research which could be seen as an oversight by the authors. Finally, there is no discussion about how these findings can be applied in real-world scenarios which could limit its practical use for engineers and researchers alike.