1. Organ-on-a-chip systems have become an in vitro platform for drug screening, providing a 3D microenvironment and dynamic cues that are often lacking in traditional simplified cell cultures.
2. Almost all human tissues have been replicated in organ chip devices, including cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems to neurons, digestive and renal systems, as well as those in various disease states such as heart disease, premature aging and cancer.
3. Electrochemical affinity-based biosensors have been developed to enable the integration of these sensors into organ chip systems for continuous monitoring of biomarkers from microtissues upon drug or chemical exposures.
This article provides a detailed overview of the development of electrochemical affinity-based biosensors for integration into organ-on-a-chip systems for continuous monitoring of biomarkers from microtissues upon drug or chemical exposures. The article is written by experts in the field and is based on their own research findings, making it a reliable source of information. However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, the article does not explore any counterarguments or alternative approaches to this technology; instead it focuses solely on the advantages of electrochemical affinity-based biosensors without considering any potential risks or drawbacks associated with them. Additionally, while the authors provide evidence for their claims through references to other studies and experiments conducted by themselves, they do not provide any evidence from independent sources which could further strengthen their argument. Furthermore, the article does not present both sides equally; instead it focuses mainly on promoting the use of electrochemical affinity-based biosensors without exploring any other possible solutions or approaches to this problem.