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Article summary:

1. The question of whether and which animals experience pain is difficult to answer due to the subjective nature of feelings.

2. Researchers rely on behavioral observations and assumptions to decide if certain species can feel pain.

3. An internal model of sensory processing is necessary for implicit awareness, but not sufficient for the explicit qualitative feeling of pain.

Article analysis:

The article “Designing Brains for Pain: Human to Mollusc” provides an overview of the difficulty in determining whether or not animals experience pain, as well as a proposed solution to this problem. The article is written in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to understand the main points being discussed. The author does a good job of providing evidence for their claims, such as citing research studies and theories from other experts in the field.

However, there are some potential biases present in the article that should be noted. For example, the author relies heavily on assumptions about which neural regions are involved in conscious behaviors in humans and whether these same regions and their functions are phylogenetically conserved when discussing ablation studies. Additionally, while the author does provide evidence for their claims, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative perspectives on the issue at hand. This could lead readers to form an incomplete understanding of the topic without considering all sides of the argument.

In conclusion, while this article provides a comprehensive overview of how researchers attempt to determine if animals experience pain, it should be read with caution due to its potential biases and lack of exploration into alternative perspectives on the issue at hand.