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The article “Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study” is a well-written article that provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients in Iran. The authors have used appropriate methods to collect data from 733 diabetic patients and 782 non-diabetic controls to determine the presence of HBsAg and HBcAb by ELISA as well as to determine HBV genotypes and predominant mutations in the S, basal core promoter (BCP), and pre-core regions of the HBV genome by nested PCR followed by sequencing. The results showed that 12.82% of diabetic patients were positive for HBcAb while 3.82% were positive for HBsAg; 19 cases had detectable levels of HBV DNA with genotype D, sub-genotype D1/D3 and subtype ayw2; P120T/G145R, G1896A/G1899A, and A1762T/G1764T were the most frequent point substitution mutations detected in the S, pre-core, and BCP regions respectively; P120T and G145R mutations were associated with low levels or undetectable levels of HBsAg in serum; occult infections were also found in some samples which tested negative for HBsAg but positive for HbcAb.

The article is reliable as it has been published on PMC which is a trusted source for scientific articles; it has also been peer reviewed before publication which adds to its credibility. Furthermore, all methods used are clearly described so that readers can understand how data was collected accurately without any bias or errors; this further adds to its reliability as a source of information on this topic. Additionally, all results are presented clearly with relevant figures which makes it easier to interpret them accurately without any confusion or misinterpretation; this also contributes to its trustworthiness as an informative source on this topic.

However there are some points that could be improved upon such as providing more detailed information about possible risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus such as obesity or physical inactivity which could help readers gain more insight into this topic; additionally providing more detailed information about other countries where similar studies have been conducted would help readers compare results from different countries easily without having to search through multiple sources separately which would save time significantly when researching this topic further.