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Article summary:
1. This study examined the relationship between verbal and general IQ scores and the thickness of supragranular layers and cellular properties of the left temporal cortex.
2. The results showed that subjects with higher general and verbal IQ scores had thicker left temporal cortex, due to increased thickness in layers 2 and 3, accompanied by lower neuron densities, larger dendrites, and cell body size of pyramidal neurons in these layers.
3. These findings suggest that verbal mental ability associates with selective adaptations of supragranular layers and their cellular micro-architecture and function in left temporal cortex.
Article analysis:
The article is generally trustworthy as it provides a detailed description of the methods used to collect data from human subjects, including IQ scores obtained from WAIS tests, histological analysis, cellular recordings from neurosurgically resected temporal cortex, cortical thickness measurements from MRI scans, morphological reconstructions of dendritic structure, and action potential feature extraction from electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, all primary data analyses were performed blind to the cognitive tests scores of the subjects.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. First, the sample size is relatively small (59 subjects), which may limit the generalizability of the results. Second, all anatomical, morphological and physiological data were collected from patients undergoing surgery for various medial temporal lobe pathologies (mesial temporal sclerosis, removal of hippocampal tumor or low-grade hippocampal lesion). Thus it is possible that some of these pathologies may have affected the results. Thirdly, only left hemisphere resections were included in this study; thus it is unclear whether similar results would be observed in right hemisphere resections. Finally, although all statistics reported in the study were performed by researchers who were not involved in primary data analysis or IQ quantification, it is possible that some bias may have been introduced due to researcher expectations or preconceived notions about intelligence levels associated with certain brain regions or structures.