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Article summary:

1. This study investigated whether physical activity can improve spatial perception and attention in early childhood.

2. An intervention pre-test design was implemented with 123 preschool children divided into three groups: experimental orienteering, experimental dance, and control no intervention.

3. Results showed a rapid improvement from pre-intervention to post-intervention only in two EFs of the experimental group, with no differences found between boys and girls.

Article analysis:

The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides a detailed description of the research methodology used, including the instruments employed (MOXO-CPT for attention, computerized tests, cognitive modifiable batteries for measuring spatial ability), the sample size (123 preschool children), and the division of participants into three groups (experimental orienteering, experimental dance, control no intervention). The results are also clearly presented with statistical analysis to support them.

However, there are some potential biases that should be noted. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, there is a lack of discussion about possible risks associated with physical activity interventions such as injury or fatigue which could have been addressed in more detail. Finally, there is a lack of exploration of counterarguments or alternative explanations for the results which could have provided further insight into this topic.