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Article summary:
1. Carbonate esters used in current electrolytes for Li-ion batteries have limited voltage windows, narrow operating temperature ranges, and are highly flammable.
2. Recent breakthroughs in low-temperature batteries via liquefied gas electrolytes require hermetical cell redesign under pressures needed for gas liquefaction.
3. A family of fluorinated esters have been identified as prime candidates for electrolyte design due to their wide electrochemical stability window, greater thermal stability and ultralow freezing points.
Article analysis:
The article provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with designing electrolytes for Li-ion batteries under extreme operating conditions. The authors provide an extensive review of the literature on the topic and present a balanced view of the various approaches that have been explored to address these challenges. The authors also provide a detailed analysis of the properties of different solvents that could be used in electrolyte design, including their dielectric constants, donor numbers, and Li+–solvent binding energies from DFT calculations.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy; however, there are some potential biases that should be noted. For example, the authors focus primarily on fluorinated esters as potential solutions to the challenges posed by extreme operating conditions; while this approach may be effective, it is not necessarily the only solution available or even the best one in all cases. Additionally, while the authors provide a thorough review of existing literature on this topic, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative perspectives that may exist in relation to their proposed solutions. Furthermore, while they discuss possible risks associated with using certain solvents (e.g., flammability), they do not provide any evidence to support their claims about these risks or how they can be mitigated.
In conclusion, this article provides an informative overview of current research into electrolyte design for Li-ion batteries under extreme operating conditions; however, it does not explore all possible solutions or consider alternative perspectives on this issue.