1. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated during the earliest steps of brain metastasis formation in melanoma.
2. Inhibition of this pathway with a brain-penetrant PAM inhibitor, GNE-317, can reduce the growth rate and number of brain metastases in two mouse models over time.
3. Longitudinal intravital multiphoton microscopy found that the first, rate-limiting steps of BM formation are most vulnerable to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides evidence for its claims through in vivo molecular imaging and long-term intravital multiphoton microscopy experiments conducted on mice models. The authors also provide detailed information about their methods and results, which allows readers to assess the validity of their findings. Furthermore, the authors provide a comprehensive discussion section that outlines potential limitations of their study as well as future directions for research.
However, there are some potential biases present in the article that should be noted. For example, the authors do not discuss any possible risks associated with using GNE-317 as a preventive measure against brain metastases formation. Additionally, they do not explore any counterarguments or alternative treatments that could be used instead of GNE-317 to prevent BM formation. Finally, there is no mention of any potential conflicts of interest among the authors or sources of funding for this research project which could lead to partiality or promotional content in the article.