1. This article examines the effects of multi-stage tunnel construction on the friction force between adjacent building piles in layered media.
2. The paper models the influence of tunnel excavation on pile-soil interaction in stratified media in multiple stages, aiming to investigate the skin friction performance of a single pile group under vertical load and adjacent shield tunnel action.
3. The study results show that tunnel excavation can cause stress release and additional settlement around the soil, thus changing the distribution characteristics of building pile skin friction.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy as it provides a detailed analysis of how multi-stage tunnel construction affects the friction force between adjacent building piles in layered media. The authors have used a multi-stage modeling approach to examine the influence of tunnel excavation on pile-soil interaction in stratified media, which is an effective way to assess this phenomenon. Furthermore, they have compared single piles with double piles and pile groups under similar conditions to further understand how these factors affect skin friction performance.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted when assessing this article's trustworthiness and reliability. For example, while the authors have discussed possible risks associated with tunnel excavation, they do not provide any evidence for their claims or explore any counterarguments that could challenge their findings. Additionally, they do not present both sides equally when discussing their results; instead, they focus mainly on how tunnel excavation affects skin friction performance without considering other factors such as soil type or environmental conditions that could also play a role in this process. Finally, there is some promotional content included in the article which could be seen as biased towards certain conclusions or interpretations of data presented by the authors.