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Article summary:

1. The concept of legitimate expectations in investment treaty law has been increasingly invoked by claimants in investment treaty arbitrations and endorsed by tribunals, but there is a lack of systematic analysis and framework for its application.

2. The roots of the concept can be traced back to domestic administrative law systems and the EU system, which protect legitimate expectations in various situations.

3. In the investment treaty context, legitimate expectations have been found to arise from contractual commitments, unilateral representations of the state, and a right to a stable regulatory framework. However, protecting legitimate expectations may limit the state's right to regulate, and tribunals should consider both the socio-economic circumstances of the host state and the investor's conduct to determine if an expectation is reasonable and legitimate.

Article analysis:

这篇文章探讨了在投资条约法中合法期望的概念,并对其根源和限制进行了理解。然而,文章存在一些问题和偏见。

首先,文章没有提供足够的证据来支持其主张。它只是简单地引用了一些仲裁案例和学术观点,而没有深入研究这个概念的起源和法律基础。这使得读者很难相信作者的观点。

其次,文章似乎只关注了投资者的合法期望,而没有平等地考虑东道国的利益。它没有探讨当东道国需要调整政策以保护公共利益时,投资者是否应该享有不受干扰的合法期望。这种片面性可能导致对东道国权益的忽视。

此外,文章没有充分考虑到合法期望原则可能带来的风险和负面影响。如果过度保护投资者的合法期望,可能会限制东道国制定新政策或修改现有政策的能力。这可能会阻碍东道国发展并保护公共利益。

最后,文章缺乏对反驳观点的探索。它只关注了支持合法期望原则的案例和观点,而没有探讨可能存在的反对意见。这种不平衡的呈现方式可能导致读者对问题的全面理解。

综上所述,这篇文章存在一些偏见和不足之处。它没有提供充分的证据来支持其主张,并且忽视了东道国的利益和可能带来的风险。此外,它还缺乏对反驳观点的探索。因此,读者应该对文章中提出的观点保持怀疑,并寻找更全面和客观的信息来形成自己的判断。