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Article summary:
1. IFAS-MBRs represent a novel configuration for advanced wastewater treatment, and only a few studies are available in literature.
2. The organic matter removal efficiency (removed biologically) decreases with the decrease of influent C/N from 10 to 2 mgCOD mgTN− 1.
3. Future research perspectives include the development of new media (i.e., sponge-based carriers) and membrane-fouling control strategies.
Article analysis:
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides an overview on the development and application of integrated fixed film activated sludge-membrane bioreactor (IFAS-MBR) systems based on existing studies in literature. It also discusses the effects of operating conditions on the performance of IFAS-MBR systems, such as the influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), organic matter removal efficiency, nitrogen removal processes, and membrane fouling mechanisms. Furthermore, it presents future research perspectives for IFAS-MBR systems, including the development of new media and membrane-fouling control strategies.
However, there are some potential biases that should be noted in this article. For example, it does not present both sides equally when discussing the effects of operating conditions on IFAS-MBR systems; instead, it focuses mainly on positive outcomes without exploring any possible counterarguments or risks associated with these effects. Additionally, there is no mention of any promotional content or partiality in this article; however, it could be argued that its focus on positive outcomes could be seen as promoting IFAS-MBR systems over other wastewater treatment technologies. Finally, there is no mention of any missing points of consideration or evidence for claims made in this article; however, further lab-scale and pilot-scale studies are needed to investigate these effects more thoroughly before any definitive conclusions can be drawn about their reliability and trustworthiness.