1. This article examines the cultural and demic co-diffusion of the Tubo Empire on the Tibetan Plateau.
2. The study used ancient DNA sampling to analyze nine individuals from three different grave types, which showed close relationship with previously reported ancient highlanders from the southwestern Himalayas and modern core-Tibetan populations.
3. The results suggest that the impact of the Tubo empire on the northeast edge of the TP involved both cultural and demic diffusion.
The article is generally reliable and trustworthy, as it provides evidence for its claims in the form of ancient DNA sampling and archeological evidence from burial styles and customs. The authors also provide access to raw FastQ and alignment files (BAM format) at a publicly accessible link, as well as haploid genotype data of ancient individuals in this study on the 1240K panel, which further adds to its trustworthiness.
However, there are some potential biases in the article that should be noted. For example, while it does mention potential population movement into Tubo-controlled regions from Central Asia, it does not explore any counterarguments or other possible explanations for this movement. Additionally, while it mentions potential risks associated with Tubo expansion, such as cultural or demic diffusion, it does not provide any evidence to support these claims or explore them in more detail. Furthermore, while it mentions potential population movements into Tubo-controlled regions from Central Asia, it does not present both sides equally or explore any other possible explanations for this movement.
In conclusion, while this article is generally reliable and trustworthy due to its use of evidence such as ancient DNA sampling and archeological evidence from burial styles and customs, there are some potential biases that should be noted when evaluating its trustworthiness and reliability.